Homocysteine in tissues of the mouse and rat.

A method for the determination of L-homocysteine (Hcy) in tissues is described, which involves adsorption of adenosine and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) in the tissue extract to dextran-coated charcoal, while leaving Hcy in solution. Sufficient dilution of the tissue homogenates and the presence of a reducing agent during the adsorption step are required to obtain high recovery of Hcy. Hcy is condensed with radioactive adenosine, and labeled AdoHcy is quantified by high performance liquid chromatography on a 3-micron reversed phase column. The amount of Hcy was determined in several tissues (liver, kidney, brain, heart, lung, and spleen) of mice and rats, and the concentrations of Hcy were in the range 0.5-6 nmol/g, wet weight. Hcy concentration was about 1 microM in mouse plasma. In mice, liver contained the highest amount of Hcy, and kidneys were also rich in Hcy. Similar concentrations were found in rat tissues. S-Adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1), the enzyme which is believed to catalyze the only pathway leading to Hcy formation in vertebrates, was nearly completely inactivated in mice injected with the drug combination 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine plus 2'-deoxycoformycin. This treatment induced a massive accumulation of AdoHcy in all tissues (Helland, S., and Ueland, P. M. (1983) Cancer Res. 43, 1847-1850). The amount of Hcy increased several-fold in kidney, whereas no change was observed in liver, heart, brain, lung, and spleen.