Myelotoxicity and macrophage alteration in mice exposed to ochratoxin A.

Six- to seven-week-old female B6C3F1 mice were administered a total of 0, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg of ochratoxin A (OCT A) ip on alternate days over an 8-day period. Twenty-four hours following the final dose, histopathology, bone marrow, and macrophage parameters were assayed. There was a dramatic dose related decrease in thymic mass with the mean thymus weight of the high dose animals being only 33% of controls. Histologic evidence of nephrotoxicity was minimal and restricted to the inner cortex. Myelotoxicity was present as evidenced by bone marrow hypocellularity, decreased marrow pluripotent stem cells (CFU-S), granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GMs), and decreased 59Fe uptake in marrows and spleens of exposed mice. Peritoneal macrophages from sc as well as ip injected mice demonstrated increased phagocytic capacities and increased capacity to inhibit tumor cell growth. These alterations in bone marrow cells and macrophages suggest myelotoxicity is an additional potential hazard of OCT A exposure.