Complications about the glenohumeral joint related to the use of screws and staples.

Screws and staples are used frequently in the surgical treatment of glenohumeral joint problems. We analyzed a series of thirty-seven patients with complications related to the use of these implants. Twenty-one patients had problems related to the use of screws for affixing a transferred coracoid process to the glenoid. Sixteen patients had problems related to the use of staples: ten had undergone capsulorrhaphy, four had had advancement of the subscapularis, and two had had repair of a rotator cuff tear. The complaints at examination were shoulder pain (thirty-six patients), decreased glenohumeral motion (nineteen patients), crepitus with glenohumeral motion (sixteen patients), and radiating paresthesias (four patients). The time between placement of the implant and the onset of symptoms ranged from four weeks to ten years. The screws or staples had been incorrectly placed in ten patients, had migrated or loosened in twenty-four, and had fractured in three. Thirty-four patients required a second surgical procedure specifically for removal of the implant. At operation fourteen patients (41 per cent) were noted to have sustained a significant injury to the articular surface of the glenoid or humerus. The results in this group of patients indicated that screws and staples can produce complications that require reoperation and are capable of causing a permanent loss of joint function. Adequate surgical exposure and careful placement of the implant appear to be essential when these devices are used about the glenohumeral joint.