Occluding junctions and paracellular pathways studied in monolayers of MDCK cells.

MDCK cells (epithelioid, derived from the kidney of a normal dog) cultured in monolayers on a permeable support, exhibit properties of natural transporting epithelia. Comparisons of the electrical resistance across the plasma membrane of MDCK cells (as studied with microelectrodes) and the resistance across the whole monolayer, (mounted as a flat sheet between two chambers) indicate that most of the current flows through an extracellular pathway. Scanning of the electrical field over the apical surface shows that this pathway is located at the intercellular space. Yet conductance is not evenly distributed along the intercellular space as in leaky epithelia, but is restricted to sites scattered irregularly along the intercellular space. Studies of freeze fracture electron microscopy indicate that the number of strands of the junctions is also distributed irregularly, varying from 1 to 10 in a few nanometers. This suggests that regions with few strands would correspond to spots with high conductance and vice versa. However, in this preparation the sealing property of the junction bears little relationship to its structure. Thus by changing the temperature from 37 to 3 degrees C and back, the electrical resistance increases reversibly by 306%, while the number and arrangement of the strands show no significant modification. The resistance of the monolayer varies also with the age of the cells, suggesting that sealing and ion-permeating components of the junction may be dynamic entities that are not permanently installed, but can be accommodated to the requirements of the tissue.