Hydronephrosis of infancy and childhood in Benin City, Nigeria.

The clinical and radiological features of 50 Nigerian children with hydronephrosis were studied. Posterior urethral valve obstruction was the causative lesion in 26 (52%) cases and 50% of these presented with neonatal ascites. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction was responsible for 5 (10%) cases of hydronephrosis and invariably presented with a palpable abdominal mass. The incidence of vesico-ureteral reflux during micturating cysto-urethrography in this series is lower than reported amongst Caucasian children.