Taurine uptake by cultured human lymphoblastoid cells.

Cultured human lymphoblastoid cells take up taurine from the medium by two processes: 1) a temperature-dependent, Na+-dependent, saturable "active"-transport system and 2) diffusion. The active transport has properties similar to those reported for taurine transport by other tissues. Apparent Km is about 25 microM and Vmax about 7.2 pmol/min/10(6) cells; saturation occurs at 100 microM taurine. Uptake is competitively inhibited by the beta-amino acids hypotaurine (50% inhibition at 44 microM) and beta-alanine (50% at 152 microM), as measured at 50 microM taurine. Taurocyamine inhibits 50% at 260 microM. Chlorpromazine and imipramine are strong uncompetitive inhibitors, giving 50% inhibition at 26 microM and 115 microM, respectively; at these concentrations cellular viability per se is not affected. Ouabain inhibits 40-50% over a concentration range of 4-500 microM. Diffusion of taurine into the cells is proportional to concentration up to 20 mM. However, at the concentration of taurine in human plasma, 40-100 microM, active transport would provide 90% of the taurine taken up.