Towards an efficient retractor handle: an ergonomic study.

In a study whose aim was to design an ergonomically efficient retractor handle, surgeons' views on retractor design were canvassed by questionnaire. After observing retractors in use and measuring the forces involved peroperatively, prototype handles were made and tested in a laboratory. Experimental subjects showed a marked preference for a vertical 'T' configuration. Such a handle could easily be incorporated into most existing retractor designs.