Characterization of a cold-sensitive (cs) recombinant between two influenza A strains.

Recombinants between fowl plague virus (FPV, H7N1) and the Hong Kong (H3N2) or Singapore (H2N2) influenza virus strains carrying the hemagglutinin of FPV and the neuraminidase of the human strains form only very tiny plaques at 33 degrees, but normal plaques at 37 degrees. One recombinant (113/Ho) has been studied in more detail. It multiplies only very slowly at 33 degrees, the nonpermissive temperature. Adsorption and penetration are normal at 33 degrees, but synthesis of protein is impeded. Temperature-shift experiments suggest that the synthesis of viral mRNA is slowed at 33 degrees. 113/Ho does not agglutinate chicken erythrocytes at 40 degrees, as the parent viruses do. 113/Ho can be adapted to grow normally at 33 degrees. The frequency of adaptation is comparable to reversion of a single point mutation (ca. 10(-5) ). Recombinants which grow well at 37 degrees but not at 33 degrees are called cold-sensitive (cs) recombinants.