Anatrophic nephrolithotomy.

Anatrophic nephrolithotomy is indicated when multiple branched or staghorn calculi associated with infundibular stenosis must be removed and when previous surgery for calculi has been performed and dissection of the renal sinus is difficult if not impossible. Preoperatively all efforts should be directed toward characterizing those factors, both infectious and metabolic, that are associated with the formation of calculi. Postoperatively it is imperative to monitor the patient for recurrent urinary tract infection.