Rifampin: spectrum of antibacterial activity.

Rifampin was studied for determination of its spectrum of activity against many bacteria of clinical importance. Most of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by agar dilution but some were determined by broth microdilution. Staphylococci were the most susceptible, with mode MICs of 0.015 microgram/ml, but most streptococcal strains, except Streptococcus faecalis, had mode MICs less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Listeria monocytogenes were susceptible and had mode MICs of 1, 0.25, 0.03, and less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively. Legionella species had geometric mean MICs ranging from 0.027 to 0.25 microgram/ml. The rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium chelonei and Mycobacterium fortuitum, were resistant, with mode of greater than 64 micrograms/ml. Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter species, and Pseudomonas species had mode MICs ranging from 4 to 64 micrograms/ml. Thus, the authors conclude that, on the basis of these in vitro data and an MIC breakpoint of less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, gram-positive cocci (except for some enterococci), H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, Legionella, and L. monocytogenes may be clinically susceptible to rifampin.