Auditory nerve-brainstem evoked responses in hyperbilirubinemic neonates.

On the basis of the known predilection of the auditory brainstem pathway for bilirubin toxicity, we have examined auditory brainstem responses of neonates during the period of hyperbilirubinemia. The auditory brainstem responses of 24 infants with serum bilirubin values between 15 to 25 mg/dL were compared with the responses of 19 infants without hyperbilirubinemia, who had similar gestational and postnatal ages. Wave IV-V complex was absent in at least one recording of 10/24 jaundiced infants, whereas wave complex IV-V was consistently present in all of the 19 infants without hyperbilirubinemia (P less than .001). Jaundiced infants also had prolonged brainstem transmission time (P less than .01) which reflected increased latency at both lower and upper brainstem levels. The above changes were rapidly reversed in the majority of instances. Neonatal jaundice was associated with significant transient aberrations of auditory brainstem responses, suggestive of a transient brainstem encephalopathy. This evidence of bilirubin entry to the brain at conventionally acceptable serum concentrations raises questions about current concepts of the mechanism of transfer of bilirubin across the blood-brain barrier.