Characterization of mutagenic fractions in beef extract and in cooked ground beef. Use of blue-cotton for efficient extraction.

Mutagenic components in commercial beef extract and in cooked ground beef were adsorbed from their aqueous solutions on cotton bearing covalently linked trisulfo-copper-phthalocyanine residues (blue-cotton). By repeating the adsorption and elution, efficient concentration of the mutagenic components with a satisfactory overall recovery was achieved. Carboxymethyl cellulose column chromatography was found to be an excellent means to separate 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) from 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), two strong mutagens that have previously been found in heated beef samples. Chromatography of the mutagenic components of beef extract on this column gave two mutagenic fractions which corresponded to MeIQx and IQ in elution profile. In reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, the major active component of the MeIQx fraction and that of the IQ fraction behaved identically with standard samples of MeIQx and IQ, respectively. The contents of these mutagens in a sample of Difco beef extract were estimated at 200-300 ng of MeIQx and 20-40 ng of IQ per gram. By the same fractionation procedures, mutagenic substances in the cooked beef were fractionated into MeIQx-type and IQ-type components. The activity distribution among these two fractions was similar to that found for beef extract.