Transduodenal sphincteroplasty. 5-25 year follow-up of 89 patients.

Between 1957 and 1977, 95 patients underwent transduodenal pancreatic sphincteroplasty (TPS) for a diagnosis of recurrent pancreatitis. Five to twenty-five year follow-up was obtained for 89 patients (94%) and was analyzed by life-table method. Short-term successful outcome was defined as relief of symptoms (e.g., pain) for one to three years; long-term successful outcome was defined as those patients who remained symptom-free at time of last follow-up. Operative mortality was 4.2% (4 patients). Fifty-six patients (66%) had a successful short-term outcome. Of these, 13 patients had recurrence of symptoms: 7 occurred at 4 years, 5 at 5 years and 1 at 6 years. Preoperative factors associated with poor short-term outcome were previous upper abdominal surgery (X2 = 5.67, p less than 0.05) and frequent diarrhea (X2 = 6.18, p less than 0.05). Preoperative factors associated with poor long-term outcome were previous upper abdominal surgery (X2 = 7.82, p less than 0.01), heavy alcohol intake (X2 = 4.71, p less than 0.05), narcotic use (X2 = 5.68, p less than 0.05) and frequent diarrhea (X2 = 4.8, p less than 0.05). Morphine Prostigmin Test (MPT) was performed preoperatively in 78 patients (82%). A significantly greater proportion of patients with a rise in serum pancreatic enzymes secondary to MPT (MPT+) had a successful long-term outcome compared with those without such a rise (MPT-) (61% v 41%, X2 = 5.13, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, of the patients with a successful short-term outcome, 88% with MPT+ remained long-term symptom-free compared to 38.5% with MPT- (X2 = 8.36, p less than 0.01). We conclude that TPS can be a successful operation for acute recurrent pancreatitis. Previous upper abdominal operations, signs of more advanced pancreatic disease, preoperative narcotic use and alcohol abuse, were associated with a worse outcome and probably associated with chronic recurrent pancreatitis. Preoperative use of MPT, coupled with accurate clinical history, defined groups with different short- and long-term prognosis after TPS.