Histamine bronchial challenge: effect on regional ventilation and aerosol deposition.

We studied regional changes in ventilation and aerosol deposition after histamine challenge in six patients with asthma and two with rhinitis and a history of wheezing. All were known to have bronchial hyperreactivity and all showed an increased response to histamine. Ventilation and aerosol deposition studies, using xenon-133 and an aerosol of sulphur colloid tagged with technetium 99m, were performed while they were sitting. Before administration of histamine radioaerosol scintiscans were abnormal in five of six patients; after histamine challenge all were abnormal and central deposition was significantly greater in all of them. The decrease in aerosol penetration correlated with the percentage decrease in FEV1, indicating that the efficiency of aerodynamic filtration depends on the degree of airway narrowing. In six of the eight subjects the distribution of ventilation changed from predominantly basal to predominantly apical after histamine, which suggests the airways response was greater, at least initially, in the better ventilated regions. This indicates a close relationship between regional ventilation and the site of histamine deposition and has implications for the delivery of aerosolised agents in general.