Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of regional wall motion in patients with perioperative myocardial infarction.

Regional left ventricular wall motion was evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiographic techniques with fixed- and floating-axis analytical algorithms in three groups of subjects: normal subjects (n = 15), patients undergoing uncomplicated coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) (n = 10), and patients suffering perioperative myocardial infarction (n = 27). In patients undergoing uncomplicated CABG, fixed-axis analysis in the apical four-chamber view produced septal hypokinesis indistinguishable from the septal hypokinesis seen in patients with anterior myocardial infarction. In addition, fixed-axis analysis enhanced lateral wall motion so that patients with lateral myocardial infarction were classified as normal. Floating-axis analysis corrected these limitations by (1) producing regional left ventricular wall motion in the patients undergoing uncomplicated CABG, which was identical to that in normal subjects, and (2) producing regional left ventricular wall motion in patients with myocardial infarction that was hypokinetic in segments corresponding to the electrocardiographic area of involvement. In patients with new Q waves, fixed-axis analysis detected abnormalities of regional left ventricular wall motion in 24 of 34 (71%) electrocardiographically involved regions but also classified 44 of 100 segments in uncomplicated patients as abnormal. Floating-axis analysis detected regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in 30 of 34 patients (88%; p less than .05 vs fixed-axis analysis) and only 15 of 100 segments in patients undergoing uncomplicated CABG were classified as abnormal (p less than .001 vs fixed-axis analysis). We conclude that floating-axis analysis is a more accurate and clinically relevant method of evaluating regional left ventricular wall motion in patients undergoing CABG who suffer myocardial infarction as a perioperative complication.