Understanding biological computation: reliable learning and recognition.

We experimentally examine the consequences of the hypothesis that the brain operates reliably, even though individual components may intermittently fail, by computing with dynamical attractors. Specifically, such a mechanism exploits dynamic collective behavior of a system with attractive fixed points in its phase space. In contrast to the usual methods of reliable computation involving a large number of redundant elements, this technique of self-repair only requires collective computation with a few units, and it is amenable to quantitative investigation. Experiments on parallel computing arrays show that this mechanism leads naturally to rapid self-repair, adaptation to the environment, recognition and discrimination of fuzzy inputs, and conditional learning, properties that are commonly associated with biological computation.