Embryo transfer for cows with reproductive problems.

Surgical embryo recovery and transfer methods were applied to 25 cows and heifers with chronic reproductive problems. In 16 of the 25 animals, abnormalities could not be detected by palpation per rectum and, at laparotomy, the probable cause of low fertility was found to be oviductal obstructions or periovarian adhesions in 6 of them. Four pregnancies were obtained from 3 of these 6 animals. A definitive diagnosis was not obtained through laparotomy in the other 10 animals in this group; however, an abnormal uterine environment associated with senescence may have been responsible for low fertility in the older cows. Eighteen calves were obtained by embryo transfer from 8 of these 10 donor animals. The remaining 9 heifers and cows had lesions detectable by palpation per rectum. Chronic, purulent metritis was found in 2 cows, one of which produced 7 calves by embryo transfer. The other 7 had periovarian adhesions, and 8 calves were obtained from 2 of them. The adhesions in 6 of these 7 cows were attributable to cesarean section. Laparotomy was valuable for defining the extent of the adhesions and establishing a reliable prognosis in some cases.