Utilizing automated methods to improve estimates of recurrence risk with linked genetic markers.

Information on linked markers can greatly improve estimates of recurrence risk for genetic disorders. However, when linkage is incomplete, utilizing the information in genetic counseling requires complex, repetitive calculations to estimate correct risks whenever the parental linkage phase is not precisely known. This paper demonstrates with examples how the computer program LIPED can be used for any pedigree to estimate risk precisely within bounds determined only by confidence limits on the recombination fraction.