Exencephaly in Cantrell-Haller-Ravitsch Syndrome.

A case of exencephaly associated with spinal dysraphism and Cantrell-Haller-Ravitsch syndrome is described. Significant findings included exencephaly, multiple subcortical neuroepithelial islets with active proliferation, cerebellar aplasia, and abnormal flexion of the neuraxis with spinal dysraphism of the cervicothoracic region. The various features of exencephaly, anencephaly, and iniencephaly are discussed. The significance of subcortical growth zones is evaluated in the light of experimental observation.s