Skeletal X-ray findings and bone histology in patients on hemodialysis.

X-ray films of the hand skeleton (mammography technique), serum chemistry, and quantitative bone histology (micromorphometry of undecalcified sections, iliac crest spongiosa) were compared in 25 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The X-ray findings correlated better with serum PTH levels than with bone histology. Of all radiological signs of renal osteodystrophy, pronounced subperiosteal resorption (radial aspect, second finger, middle phalanx) and periosteal new bone formation (middle phalanx) correlated best with histological indicators of osteitis fibrosa. These signs were never seen in control patients. Acroosteolysis (endphalanx) and intracortical or endosteal resorption (middle phalanx) were less specific (i.e., seen even in the absence of metabolic bone disease) and correlated less with bone histology. Osteosclerosis in iliac cancellous bone was paralleled by abnormal texture of spongy bone in the proximal metaphysis of the middle phalanx (second finger).