Management of penetrating wounds of the back and flank.

The results of a retrospective and prospective study of patients with penetrating wounds of the back and flank showed that physical examination alone was accurate in 72 and 83 per cent, respectively. The inaccuracy was primarily due to false-negative examinations. The most commonly injured organs were the liver and kidney. The presence of gross hematuria and intravenous pyelography proved to have an accuracy rate of 95 per cent in patients studied prospectively. Peritoneal lavage, although similarly accurate (95 per cent), was associated with a 10 per cent false-negative result when the wound was located in the back. Guidelines for the management of these patients include hospital admission, careful physical examination, urinalysis by dipstick and cell count, intravenous pyelography and peritoneal lavage. Initial hypotension usually is associated with visceral injury and is an indication for exploratory laparotomy. Strict adherence to these guidelines was associated with a negative exploration rate of less than 10 per cent and a decrease in the number of patients observed with visceral injury from 50 to 6 per cent.