Endoscopic evaluation and treatment of patients with idiopathic gross hematuria.

We evaluated 4 patients with long-standing unilateral essential gross hematuria by newer endourological techniques. All 4 patients underwent ureterorenoscopy and 3 underwent percutaneous nephroscopy. Nephroscopy identified a bleeding site in 3 patients and ureteroscopy in 1. The bleeding sites were fulgurated and the hematuria has not recurred during followup. Percutaneous nephroscopy and/or ureterorenoscopy should be considered in selected patients with unilateral essential gross hematuria.