Ureteroureteric reflux. Pathological entity or physiological phenomenon?

The clinical, urographic and radionuclide examinations of 28 consecutive patients with incomplete duplication of the upper urinary tract are presented. Four possible types of urodynamic abnormality can occur in this condition and 3 of these were found in 8 of the 28 patients. The urodynamics of normal and duplex upper tracts are reviewed and the question of whether the abnormalities represent a pathological process requiring surgery or a harmless physiological variant is examined.