Pulmonary catabolism of interferons: alveolar absorption of 125I-labeled human interferon alpha is accompanied by partial loss of biological activity.

The catabolism of interferon was examined in isolated rabbit lungs which were ventilated and perfused with homologous blood. Natural human interferon-alpha (HuIFN-alpha) from lymphoblastoid Namalwa cells or recombinant DNA-derived HuIFN-alpha 2 were labeled with 125I, mixed with an excess of the respective cold interferons and added to the perfusion blood. Protein-bound and acid-soluble radioactivity, as well as antiviral activity, were measured at regular time intervals. During the first 3 h of perfusion, only very small fractions of the interferons disappeared from the perfusate, irrespective of whether lungs were inserted in the perfusion system. This indicated that catabolism of interferons in the pulmonary circulation was negligible. On the other hand, when the interferons were instilled into the bronchial-alveolar tree, absorption of antiviral activity differed from that of acid-precipitable protein-associated radioactivity. While most of the radioactivity was transferred into the perfusate, only 2% of antiviral activity of natural HuIFN-alpha and 30% of that of HuIFN-alpha 2 were recovered in the perfusate. In both cases acid-soluble radioactivity in the system reached about 10%. Since radioiodide, instilled in the bronchial-alveolar tree, was transported rapidly into the perfusate, this type of analysis did not help in locating the site(s) of degradation. Alveolar macrophages did not catabolize or inactivate interferons in vitro.