The rate of polymerization of rabbit skeletal muscle actin is enhanced by polyethylene glycol.

The effect of polyethylene glycol on the kinetics of actin polymerization was determined by monitoring the enhancement in the fluorescence of pyrenyl-labelled actin. The polymerization of actin at 15 mM KCl was in addition followed by viscometry and light scattering. All three methods showed that the overall rate of polymerization of actin increased 3-4-fold when the concentration of polyethylene glycol was increased from 0 to 6% (ww-1). A further increase in polyethylene glycol concentration to 10% (ww-1) caused a relatively small contribution to the increase in the rate of polymerization. The enhancement of the overall rate of polymerization by polyethylene glycol was also reflected in a significant decrease in the lag time observed when the time course of polymerization was followed by viscometry and light scattering. The steady-state value of fluorescence enhancement and critical concentration of actin were also influenced by polyethylene glycol and the results showed that the extent of polymerization was increased by an increase in the concentration of polyethylene glycol in solution. The effect of polyethylene glycol on both rate and extent of polymerization persisted at physiological salt concentration (150 mM KCl, 2 mM MgCl2). Since the rate of elongation was affected only to a small extent by polyethylene glycol, we propose that its main effect is on nucleation.