Detergent enzymes and occupational safety. Observations on sensitization during Esperase production.

During a 10-year survey of 667 workers producing the detergent enzyme Esperase, derived from an alkolophilic strain of Bacillus licheniformis, 31 were found to have been sensitized. All but one were at the same time sensitized to subtilisins, with which they also had been working. No distinction could be made between symptoms attributed to Esperase and symptoms attributed to enzymes derived from Bacillus subtilis (licheniformis) or other enzymes. Symptoms, when present, were mainly from the lower respiratory tract. Nine sensitized workers were symptom-free. Sensitization was by IgE antibodies and detected by the RAST test. Twenty-one sensitized workers were transferred for precautionary measures or left the company. All 26 sensitized workers, whom it was possible to follow and reinvestigate, were no longer RAST-positive. Ten workers remained in their jobs. No signs of deteriorating lung function or permanent lung damage were found. The study indicated that, when strictly enforced, recommended operating procedures for workers handling hitherto well-known detergent enzymes are sufficient for dealing with Esperase. The data suggest there is no significant risk of consumer sensitization.