Physiological and histochemical characteristics of motor units in cat tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles.

1. Intracellular recording and stimulation techniques were used to study the normal motor-unit population of tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in the cat. Histochemical staining of the whole muscle and glycogen depletion of single motor units were performed. These results may be compared to those of their extensor antagonist, medial gastrocnemius (MG), as reported in studies by Burke and co-workers (7, 11, 13). 2. On the basis of two physiological properties, "sag" and fatigue resistance, the motor units in both TA and EDL could be classified into the same categories (types FF, F(int), FR, and S) as in MG (11). In contrast to MG, TA and EDL had nearly twice as many type-FR motor units and only half as many type-S motor units. 3. Glycogen depletion of representative single motor units of types FF and FR suggests a close correspondence between the physiological classification and a unique histochemical profile. No type-S units were depleted. 4. On the basis of histochemical staining, the muscle fibers in TA were presumed to belong to type-FF, -FR, or -S motor units. TA had a higher proportion of type-FR and a lower proportion of type-S muscle fibers than are found in MG. A striking feature was the variation in the proportion of each fiber type in different regions of TA. The anterolateral portion had mostly types FF and FR, while the posteriomedial portion had more types FR and S. 5. The twitch time to peak (TwTP) of isometric motor-unit contractions was generally quite fast with none having TwTP greater than 55 ms. The mean TwTP (not in EDL) and the mean tetanic tension of each motor-unit type were significantly different from each other. Most of the motor units exhibited significant postetanic potentiation of twitch tension and a corresponding lengthening of half-relaxation time and to a lesser degree, twitch contraction time. 6. There was a significant relationship between the inverse of motoneuronal input resistance and either tetanic tension or twitch contraction time. These relationships were not apparent when axonal conduction velocity rather than input resistance was used as an index of motoneuron size. The mean input resistances of the three major motor-unit types were significantly different while the mean conduction velocities of types FF and FR were nearly identical. A weak positive correlation was observed between the TwTP and the afterhyperpolarization of TA and EDL motoneurons. 7. In general, the mechanical characteristics and intrinsic motoneuronal properties of TA and EDL appear to parallel the organization of their extensor antagonist, MG, with some important quantitative differences that may reflect their different functional roles.