Immunologic detection of acoustic neuroma: preliminary report.

In an attempto to provide preoperative histologic identification of internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle tumors, and to attempt to detect small tumors and recurrent tumors, immunologic aspects of acoustic neuroma patients and control subjects were studied. Reactions based upon the interaction of patients' fresh lymphocytes in contact with acoustic neuroma antigens were studied by a leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) assay and a locally developed refinement, the plasma effect assay. These were performed either preoperatively, postoperative, or both, in 17 patients with surgically confirmed acoustic neuromas and in 24 controls subjects. Preoperative tumor patients had a higher likelihood of having elevated LMI and plasma effect assay values than normals. False positive results were rare and the combination of the LMI and plasma effect assay decreased false negative responses to 20%. Meaningful conclusions must await more extensive testing but it has been demonstrated that tumor associated antigens do exist on the membranes of schwannoma cells and that most patients with an acoustic neuroma mount a cell-mediated immune response against these antigens.