Lack of effect of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide on cellular NAD levels.

Human KB cells were treated with doses of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) or dimethyl sulfate (DMS) that produced equal numbers of DNA-strand breaks when measured by velocity sedimentation analysis in an alkaline sucrose gradient. The DMS treatment also caused a profound and sustained lowering of cellular NAD content. The 4NQO treatment had no effect on the cellular NAD content. This result with 4NQO was not expected because strand breaks in DNA activate poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and in the ensuing reaction NAD is consumed. Since 4NQO adducts are removed by an excision-repair process it is postulated that the strand breaks formed during the repair process are not accessible to poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase.