Nidogen: a new, self-aggregating basement membrane protein.

Nidogen was purified from a mouse tumor basement membrane where it accounted for 2-3% of the total proteins. It was isolated as two forms (A and B) of a monomer (Mr = 80000) each consisting of a single polypeptide chain folded into a globular head connected to a small tail. The B form of the monomer was shown to be capable of aggregating into a nest-like structure (Mr greater than 250000). A smaller form (Mr = 45000) was observed in some of the extracts. The amino acid composition of nidogen was different to that of other basement membrane proteins. It contained about 10% carbohydrate, with N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharide chains in similar proportions. Isoelectrofocussing demonstrated a limited heterogeneity of nidogen with pI in the range 6.5 - 7. Monomeric nidogen failed to interact with other basement membrane components and heparin. Aggregation could be induced by limited proteolysis and was reversed by detergents or high salt concentrations. Together with the observation that most of the nidogen could be solubilized only after destroying the collagenous matrix, the data indicate that aggregation of nidogen reflects an activity involved in matrix assembly. Specific antibodies raised against nidogen did not distinguish between the monomeric and aggregated form of the protein but showed that the fragment was antigenically deficient. These antibodies did not cross-react with collagen type IV, laminin, entactin and heparansulfate proteoglycan. Immunofluorescence staining and absorption studies demonstrated that nidogen is a common component of authentic basement membranes. Larger forms of nidogen (Mr about 100000 and 150000) were found in organ cultures of Reichert's membrane suggesting that it is synthesized in precursor forms.