Clinical applications of high-frequency jet ventilation.

Six patients with acute respiratory failure were treated with high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV): 3 because they developed barotrauma while on conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), 2 because of sedative- or PEEP-induced hypotension on CMV, and 1 because of bronchopleural fistula. In all patients, except the one with bronchopleural fistula, who was treated from the start with HFJV, gas exchange before (while on CMV) and after institution of HFJV could be compared. In these five patients, including the two with acute respiratory failure not complicated by barotrauma, gas exchange was better during HFJV than during CMV for the same levels of FIO2 and PEEP. HFJV therefore seems the method of choice for ventilatory support, not only in patients with bronchopulmonary disruption, but also in patients with hemodynamic embarrassment during CMV.