Psoriasis. A review of recent advances in treatment.

Current concepts in the treatment of psoriasis are reviewed, including: traditional modalities of dithranol (anthralin), tar, and corticosteroids alone or in combination with other agents; phototherapy and photochemotherapy; experimental studies with the aromatic retinoid etretinate and related analogues; dialysis; and the potential use of hyperthermia. Prudent administration of agents that are known to have serious side effects should be the concern of all clinicians. Many regimens that have beneficial short term results may have the potential for long term sequelae that may not only affect the patient but the offspring as well. Two of the most promising innovative concepts in the therapeutic armamentarium for psoriasis are psoriasis 'day care centres', and prevention and self-care. With the ever-increasing costs of medical care throughout the world, ways and means of reducing costs should be initiated by the clinician when considering a treatment programme. The clinician has the responsibility of determining whether the severity of the disease warrants ambulatory outpatient regimens or hospitalisation. If the patient would benefit from daily attention, then the psoriasis day care centre approach provides an appropriate clinical setting. However, in addition to administering appropriate medication, it is incumbent upon the clinician to educate patients regarding their disease and the triggering factors to prevent exacerbations. 'Disability prevention' means extending the services of clinicians and others to deal systematically with 2 areas involved in disease development; one is recognising the genetic component of psoriasis; the other, environmental triggering factors, e.g. infection, trauma to the skin, low humidity, and stress. Until recently, dermatology has focused on diseases and repairing the damage they cause. Now, the significance of genetic and environmental influences in multifactorial diseases like psoriasis has been realised, as has the importance of educating psoriasis patients to understand their disease and to encourage them to take responsibility for self-care so that the morbidity will be lessened.