Psychosocial aspects of diabetes mellitus.

The significance of emotional factors in diabetes mellitus is reviewed in the light of recent changes in treatment. Newer evidence has not supported the concept of a specific diabetic personality. However, lowered self-esteem and feelings of depression have been found to be common in diabetics and particularly in those with poor control of their illness. Illnesses such as diabetes may be associated with feelings of defectiveness and helplessness about regulating bodily functions and achieving a sense of self-sufficiency. Poor control of diabetes in children appears to be associated with pathological interactions in their families. Also, the course of the illness in most patients is correlated with measures of life stress. Newer treatment modalities offer the possibility for improved metabolic control and perhaps for increased psychological well-being.