Behavioral vocal response thresholds to mating calls in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.

Male bullfrogs will vocalize in response to playbacks of the mating (advertisement) calls of conspecifics. This behavior was studied in response to playbacks of bullfrog mating calls presented at six different sound intensity levels. The lowest sound intensity level tested (50 dB SPL) was insufficient to evoke calling from any of the animals. Calling was evoked by playback levels of 60 dB SPL and higher. The data suggest that behavioral evoked calling thresholds lie between 50-60 dB SPL for these animals. Playback intensity levels of 80 dB SPL were more effective in evoking responses than were intensity levels up to 20 dB higher or lower. This was true both in terms of the total number of evoked responses and the trial number at which responding ceased. Moreover, significantly less habituation of evoked calling occurred at levels of 80 dB SPL than at higher or lower levels. The data suggest that a sound pressure level of 80 dB represents a behaviorally preferred intensity level for evoked calling in the bullfrog. Field recordings of bullfrog choruses show that the intensity produced by an individual calling male reaches a level of 80 dB SPL at a distance of 1 m. This intensity level is identical to that producing maximal evoked calling in the laboratory.