Bromocriptine-induced changes in the biochemistry, physiology, and histology of the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland.

Treatment of rats with 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (bromocriptine; CB 154) elicits biochemical, physiological, and histological changes in the intermediate lobe (IL) of the rat pituitary gland, suggesting a decrease in activity in the IL. CB 154 treatment decreases 1) the capacity of the IL to synthesize proopiomelanocortin (POMC), 2) the content of mRNA directing the synthesis of POMC, and 3) the capacity of the IL to synthesize the peptides desacetyl alpha MSH, N,O-diacetyl alpha MSH, and alpha MSH. CB 154 treatment also causes a 40% loss of IL protein and an atrophy of the IL. CB 154 treatment has a biphasic effect upon the IL content of alpha MSH-like peptides; the drug first increases and then diminishes the content of these molecules. Control experiments using CB 154-treated IL tissue suggest that these effects of CB 154 are not a toxic effect of CB 154 on the IL. Spiroperidol reverses the effects of CB 154 on POMC synthesis and POMC mRNA content; by itself, spiroperidol increases the IL synthesis of POMC, the IL content of POMC mRNA, and the capacity of the IL to synthesize immunoreactive alpha MSH. Stalk section of rat pituitary gland also results in an increase in the capacity of the IL to synthesize POMC. These results suggest that a D-2 dopamine receptor mediates a tonic inhibition of the function of the IL.