Morphometric study of hepatocytes containing hepatitis B surface antigen.

The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is probably related to infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatocytes in livers of patients with HCC have been reported to show putative preneoplastic changes such as hyperplasia, dysplasia, or adenomatous regeneration. To determine quantitatively whether these morphologic changes are associated with HBV-infected cells, the authors performed morphometry of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive hepatocytes in the nontumorous portion of 10 livers with HCC and in 10 livers without HCC. The diameter of nuclei and cytoplasm of HBsAg-positive hepatocytes was measured after demonstration of HBsAg by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. As controls, HBsAg-negative hepatocytes in the same liver sections were measured as well as hepatocytes of 20 age-matched HBsAg-negative patients with normal liver or alcoholic cirrhosis. HBsAg-positive hepatocytes exhibited significantly larger nuclei and a higher nucleocytoplasmic ratio than control hepatocytes. In addition, HBsAg-positive cells were often arranged in foci that consisted of two cell populations: hypertrophic (enlarged nuclei and nucleocytoplasmic ratio) and hyperplastic (two-cell-thick plates of small cells with a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio). While precancerous cells have been difficult to identify, these morphologic changes are frequently associated with the development of malignant neoplasia.