Cells with neuronal properties in permanent cultures of quail embryo neuroretinas infected with Rous sarcoma virus.

Neuroretina cells from 7-day quail embryos infected 'in vitro' with the mutant ts NY-68 of Rous sarcoma virus, were established into permanent cultures. An initial stage of cellular proliferation was followed by a period of minimal multiplication. After recovery from this crisis, cell proliferation resumed. About 30% of the cells had binding sites for tetanus toxin and the monoclonal antibody A2B5 which seem to be specific for neurons, and an ultrastructural study suggested the presence of neurons and Müller (astroglial) cells. The specific activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid was high (10-30 nmol CO2/h/mg of protein) and electrophysiology showed that some cells had 'active' membranes. After about 18 months in culture, approximately 20% of the cells were able to respond to electrical stimulation by producing action potentials which were inhibited by 10(-7) M tetrodotoxin. These electrophysiological properties are stable: they have been repeatedly found at regular intervals throughout a 20 months period. Furthermore, a clone in which all tested cells are excitable, has been derived from the mass culture. Quail embryo neuroretina cells with typical neuronal properties can thus be established into permanent cultures after infection with Rous sarcoma virus.