Transmembrane potential of isolated rat alveolar type II cells.

Type II cells were isolated from rat lungs by elastase digestion and purified by centrifugal elutriation. The fluorescent dye, Di-S-C3(5), was used as a probe to monitor transmembrane potential (Em) of cells suspended in N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered medium. With this technique, the Em of type II cells was estimated to be -27 +/- 2 mV. This resting Em is very close to the equilibrium potential for chloride (-21 mV), which suggests that chloride is passively distributed in type II cells. The resting Em of type II cells is more dependent on the extracellular concentration of potassium (K+) than on external sodium (Na+); i.e., the membrane depolarizes as external sodium is replaced by potassium, suggesting that in unstimulated type II cells the membrane is more permeable to potassium than to sodium. In addition, the resting potential appears to be due, in part, to the activity of a ouabain-sensitive, Na-K pump, which acts to hyperpolarize type II cells. Addition of a membrane perturbant, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 10 micrograms/ml), to a type II cell suspension results in an increase in oxygen consumption and membrane depolarization. Both of these responses are sodium dependent and thus appear to be linked to a PMA-induced increase in sodium permeability.