The saxitoxin receptor of the sodium channel from rat brain. Evidence for two nonidentical beta subunits.

The saxitoxin receptor of the sodium channel purified from rat bran contains three types of subunits: alpha with Mr approximately 270,000, beta 1 with Mr approximately 39,000, and beta 2 with Mr approximately 37,000. These are the only polypeptides which quantitatively co-migrate with the purified saxitoxin receptor during velocity sedimentation through sucrose gradients. beta 1 and beta 2 are often poorly resolved by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), but analysis of the effect of beta-mercaptoethanol on the migration is covalently attached to the alpha subunit by disulfide bonds while the beta 1 subunit is not. The alpha and beta subunits of the sodium channel were covalently labeled in situ in synaptosomes using a photoreactive derivative of scorpion toxin. Treatment of SDS-solubilized synaptosomes with beta-mercaptoethanol decreases the apparent molecular weight of the alpha subunit band without change in the amount of 125I-labeled scorpion toxin associated with either the alpha or beta subunit bands. These results indicate that the alpha and beta 1 subunits are labeled by scorpion toxin whereas beta 1 is not and that the beta 2 subunit is covalently attached to alpha by disulfide bonds in situ as well as in purified preparations.