Experimental infection and immune response of guinea pigs with varicella-zoster virus.

An immune response (fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen) was detected in guinea pigs inoculated with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) adapted to guinea pig embryonic cells, including the Oka vaccine strain, even when inoculation was by an external route, i.e., nasal or corneal. Live or UV-inactivated virus having the same virus titer before irradiation was administered to guinea pigs by the corneal route, and antibody induction was detected only with live virus. The transmission of VZV from infected guinea pigs to noninfected ones was suggested by the appearance of antibody in the serum of the latter, who were kept in the same cage. The time course of the appearance of humoral and cellular immune responses in guinea pigs was examined by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test and the skin reaction, with varicella antigen representing delayed-type hypersensitivity. When VZV was injected subcutaneously, skin reaction appeared as early as 4 days after inoculation, which preceded the appearance of detectable antibody by 2 to 6 days. In in vitro studies, the Oka vaccine showed a higher adsorption rate and better growth in guinea pig embryonic cells than did other wild-type strains when assayed by the infectious center assay. These results suggest that a system of VZV adapted to guinea pig cells and guinea pigs provides a good animal experimental model for immunological study of VZV infection.