H-2 antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells induced by concanavalin A: estimation of their relative frequency.

Specific and nonspecific lysis of DBA/2 (H-2d) mastocytoma cells, P815, by concanavalin A (Con A)-induced cytotoxic T cells was studied. In the assay for nonspecific lysis, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was present to glue the target and killer cells together. We have presented evidence previously to show that PHA reveals only, and all, cytotoxic T cells. In the assay for specific lysis the only glue present was specific receptors on a fraction of the killer cells and surface antigens of P815. We show that when PHA was present, Con A-induced cells which were syngeneic, semi-syngeneic, or allogeneic, lysed P815 very efficiently in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. However, only Con A-induced T cells which were allogeneic and did not carry H-2d lysed P815 when the assay was carried out in the absence of PHA. In an experiment with two target cells, Con A-induced B10 (H-2b) T cells lysed B10.D2 (H-2d) targets specifically but did not lyse B10 targets, while Con A-induced B10.D2 T cells lysed B10 targets specifically but not B10.D2 targets. Furthermore, Con A-induced B6 (H-2b) T cells from normal mice lysed P815 specifically but Con A-induced B6 T cells from irradiated F1 (B6 x BALB/c) (H-2b/d) mice reconstituted with B6 bone marrow did not lyse P815 specifically. A fraction of Con A-induced T cells therefore appear to bear specific surface receptors for nonself H-2 coded structures. We describe conditions of assay and a new method of plotting the results such that nonspecific (PHA-revealed) and specific (PHA-independent) cytotoxicity can be quantitatively compared. We conclude that 1-4% of the total Con A-induced cytotoxic effector T cells are directed against any particular foreign H-2 haplotype. This is the first estimate of the relative frequency of antigen-reactive cytotoxic T cells.