Present status of kala-azar in Iran.

Sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis have been reported from all parts of Iran except the deserts and very arid zones in the southeast. About 120 cases have been reported up to the present time, the majority from the mountainous areas of the southwest. Most patients (76%) have been children under 10 years of age. The probable reservoirs of infection are wild carnivores, infection of man and dog being accidental. During a survey conducted in the Caspian area and northeastern part of Iran in 1970, 20 jackals and 10 foxes were shot; examination of smears from bone marrow and spleen showed the infection in a jackal (Canis aureas) and in a fox (Vulpes vulpes). On the basis of epidemiological evidence, Phlebotomus major is the probable vector of kala-azar in Iran.