Transport of protons and hydrochloric acid through lipid bilayer membranes.

Transport of protons and hydrochloric acid through lipid bilayer membranes was studied by a combination of electrical conductance and pH electrode techniques. In the presence of large pH gradients, proton transport occurs primarily by diffusion of molecular HCl. The permeability of egg phosphatidylcholine/decane bilayers to HCl is about 3 cm . s-1, seven to nine order of magnitude higher than the permeability to H+, OH- or Cl-. The HCl permeability of phosphatidylserine or egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (1 : 1) bilayers is about 50% lower than the permeability of egg phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Diffusion of molecular HCl may be an important process in tissues exposed to high HCl concentrations, e.g., gastric mucosa. However, at neutral pH the diffusion of molecular HCl is too slow to contribute significantly to net movements of H+ or Cl-.