Regulation of norepinephrine release by peripheral alpha 2-receptor stimulation.

Although extensive evidence obtained in animals and in vitro supports the existence of an alpha-receptor-mediated inhibitory regulation of norepinephrine release, the importance of such a system in man is not established. Norepinephrine release was physiologically stimulated by change of posture and dynamic exercise in subjects while they were infused with phenylephrine, a predominant alpha 1-receptor agonist, alpha-methylnorepinephrine, a predominant alpha 2-agonist, and saline. Agonist infusions were administered both at rates that induced a slight elevation in supine systolic pressure and at nonpressor rates. Agonist concentrations that induced much the same pressor responses (alpha 1) were assumed on the basis of in vitro experiments to differ substantially in their affinity for alpha 2-receptors. The hemodynamic response and the increase of plasma norepinephrine induced by changes in posture and exercise were of the same order during infusions of alpha-methylnorepinephrine, phenylephrine, and saline. Similar results from the "nonpressor" as from "pressor" agonist infusions suggested that baroreflex-induced reduction in sympathetic neuronal activity had not confounded the results. Correction of plasma concentrations for individual values of norepinephrine clearance provided an index of norepinephrine release into the circulation that was not changed by phenylephrine or alpha-methylnorepinephrine. These results raise the question of the importance of peripheral alpha 2-receptors in the regulation of norepinephrine release in man.