Fertility after chemotherapy for testicular cancer.

Sixty-nine patients with disseminated testicular cancer and no prior retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy treated with cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin with or without doxorubicin were evaluated for semen analysis, serum gonadotropins, and testosterone. Since 1979, 41 men have been prospectively studied. Before treatment 77% were oligospermic, 17% were azoospermic, and only 6.6% could meet requirements for sperm banking. After 2 mo of therapy, 96% were azoospermic. A group of 28 patients treated between 1975 and 1979 were retrospectively evaluated. Normal sperm counts were found in 46% of those studied. Only 17% were azoospermic. Thirty-two percent have impregnated their wives, resulting in 5 healthy babies, 1 spontaneous abortion, and 3 ongoing pregnancies. These results show that (1) significant impairment of spermatogenesis exists before therapy, precluding the possibility of sperm banking in most patients, (2) combination chemotherapy in testicular cancer has substantial effects on gonadal function, rendering almost all patients azoospermic, and (3) a high degree of recovery of spermatogenesis occurs sometime after 2-3 yr from the initiation of treatment.