Secretion of albumin and alpha-foetoprotein by dimethylsulphoxide-stimulated hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Exposure of BW77-1 and BW77-2 mouse hepatic tumour cells to the polar solvent dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) altered extracellular accumulation of albumin and alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) and perturbed their cell cycle kinetics. The amount of albumin secreted into the culture growth medium was dependent on the concentration of DMSO used. Hepatic tumour cells cultured in 1 and 2% DMSO accumulated 50% and 111% more albumin, respectively, than non-DMSO-stimulated cells during the final 24 h of a 4-day exposure to the polar solvent. Commitment of mouse hepatoma cells to increased albumin secretion was temporally dependent, requiring a minimum of 48 h in the presence of DMSO. The AFP level in 1% DMSO-treated cultures was also significantly increased, compared with control cells. Unlike albumin secretion, however, exposure of hepatic tumour cells to 2% DMSO did not further increase (but slightly decreased) extracellular AFP accumulation. Treatment of BW77-1 cells with DMSO resulted in a gradual decline in the percentage of 2C DNA content cells (diploid G1 population) and in a corresponding increase in the proportion of cells with a 4C DNA content (generation of either a G2 or tetraploid G1 population). The extent of this shift directly reflected the concentration of polar solvent in the medium and paralleled the DMSO-induced stimulation in albumin secretion. DMSO-stimulated hepatic tumour cells, therefore, may prove useful in the elucidation of specific regulatory events underlying control of gene expression during the hepatocyte cell cycle.