Two-dimensional echocardiographic localization of a malpositioned pacing catheter.

The precise intracardiac localization of transvenous pacing catheter electrodes is sometimes difficult yet crucial to patient management. We describe a patient in whom standard indirect studies failed to locate a malpositioned pacing catheter. Two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiographic examination revealed its entire aberrant course, from the right atrium, across the interatrial septum, through the mitral valve and on to the apex of the left ventricle. The value of this technique is reviewed.