Kinetic and equilibrium studies on steroid interaction with human corticosteroid-binding globulin.

Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the interaction of steroids with human corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG, transcortin) were performed with pH, temperature, and steroid structure as variables. Dissociation rate constants were determined fluorometrically; the values for cortisol, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and progesterone are 0.031, 0.047, 0.10, and 0.16 s-1, respectively, at 20 degrees C, pH 7.4. The pH dependence of the dissociation rate constant for the corticosterone complex below pH 10.5 at 20 degrees C is given by koff = 0.043 (1 + [H+]/10(-6.50)) s-1; above pH 11, koff = 0.030 (1 + 10(-12.15/[H+] s-1. A temperature-dependence study of koff for the cortisol and progesterone complexes gave values of 0.0028 s-1 and 0.012 s-1 at 4 degrees C, respectively, and 0.88 s-1 and 4.5 s-1 at 37 degrees C, with progesterone dissociating about four to five times faster over the entire temperature range. The affinity constants, determined by equilibrium dialysis, for the binding of cortisol, corticosterone, and progesterone at 4 degrees C were 7.9, 7.2, and 7.0 X 10(8) M-1; values of 0.40 and 0.26 X 10(8) M-1 were determined at 37 degrees C for cortisol and progesterone. The close similarity of the affinity constants of the three steroids combined with differing dissociation rates implies that the association rate changes with steroid structure, in contrast to our earlier findings with progesterone-binding globulin.