Immunochemical characterization of Syrian hamster major histocompatibility complex homologues.

Based primarily on studies in mice and man, the organization and gene-product structures of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are thought to be extensively conserved. However, attempts to generalize from the specific observations of other species to Syrian hamsters have not been completely successful. Previous studies in hamsters have suggested abnormal structure, expression, and/or function of the putative hamster MHC and its products. Characterization of hamster MHC gene-products is therefore of interest. This study concerns the identification and characterization of hamster cell-surface glycoproteins homologous to MHC products of man and mouse. Utilizing radioimmunoprecipitation and serologic techniques, these molecules have been characterized with regard to molecular weight, tissue distribution and immunochemical homology to human and murine class I and II MHC products. In addition, alloantisera raised between histoincompatible hamster strains have been similarly used to identify cell-surface alloantigens of this species. The alloantisera detect cell-surface hamster molecules with immunochemical properties and tissue distribution resembling MHC class II rather than class I products. Thus, in contrast to other species, hamsters appear not to express extensively polymorphic major transplantation antigens of the class I type. Some hamster alloantigens are apparently homologous of Ia determinants since their genes are linked to Hm-1. However, other alloantigens with similar molecular weights are seemingly encoded by genes unlinked to the hamster MHC. These data support the hypothesis that the hamster MHC contains genes which encode for molecular products similar to those described in man and mouse, but that the organization and/or expression of these genes may be atypical.