En bloc resection of inferior vena cava in cytoreductive surgery for bulky retroperitoneal metastatic testicular cancer.

En bloc resection of the inferior vena cava (IVC) has been demonstrated to be of benefit in removing bulky retroperitoneal testicular tumor metastases. The major indications for its use have been to increase the amount of tumor resected, to allow access to large amounts of tumor located posterior to the aorta which would otherwise be inaccesible, to diminish the possibility of massive pulmonary embolism from clot or tumor located in the IVC, and to decrease the risk of major hemorrhage from injury to the IVC, aorta, or one of their branches. To date the surgical morbidity has been acceptable, and no direct mortality has been associated with it.